翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Palisade Glacier ・ Palisade Head ・ Palisade High School ・ Palisade National Forest ・ Palisade Nunatak ・ Palisade Preparatory School ・ Palisade State Park ・ Palisade Valley ・ Palisade, Colorado ・ Palisade, Minnesota ・ Palisade, Nebraska ・ Palisade, Nevada ・ Palisade, Saskatchewan ・ Palisaded encapsulated neuroma ・ Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis ・ Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources ・ Palilalia ・ Palilgogo ・ Palilogy ・ Palilula ・ Palilula (Svrljig) ・ Palilula Glacier ・ Palilula neighbourhood, Niš ・ Palilula, Belgrade ・ Palilula, Bulgaria ・ Palilula, Niš ・ Palim ・ Palimanan-Kanci Toll Road ・ Palimar ・ Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources ： ウィキペディア英語版 Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources was an ecological court case pertaining to the Palila and the Māmane-Naio ecosystem of Mauna Kea. The case stems from the introduction of goats and sheep onto Hawaii island in the late 18th century, which became feral and damaged the local ecosystem. Before the 1920s elimination program was completed, it was replaced with a game control plan that caused controversy between hunters and conservationists. Claiming that the state of Hawaii was violating the Endangered Species Act, a suit was filed to the Ninth District Court; as a result the state was ordered to eradicate all feral animals on the island within two years. A public hunting program was put in place, and has been largely effective; the Palila has begun to recover, and the case demonstrated federal power to protect endangered species. == Roots == The roots of the case go as far back as the late 18th century, when goats (''Capra hircus'') and sheep (''Ovis aries'') were released on the island and became feral. They were highly damaging to the endemic ecosystem (especially Palila (''Loxioides bailleui''), which became critically endangered), and competed with commercial livestock for resources. A government program for their elimination was put in place in the late 1920s. The numbers were reduced from an estimated 40,000 to 200 in 1950. However, they were not fully eradicated; an increase in leisure time and greater ease of access to the mountains drove an influx of hunters who saw the remaining feral species as game animals. The Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources conceded, and in place of the eradication program a sustained-control program was introduced. This was followed by introducing feral mouflon (''Ovis aries orientalis'') onto the island for hunters. In addition to mouflon, axis deer (''Axis axis'') were proposed for introduction. This was met with protests against their introduction by farmers and ranchers, who saw them as a threat to food resources and a vehicle for bovine disease. The hunting industry fought back, and the back-and-forth between the ranching industry and hunters eventually gave way to a rise in public environmental concern; reports were published that showed that there was no environmentally sustainable way the deer could be introduced onto the island, and the issue was finally laid to rest.〔 With conservationists demanding protection of Mauna Kea's ecosystem, plans were made to fence off 25% of the forests from foreign influence, and leave the remaining 75% under the same regulations. This plan was met by extreme opposition from conservationists, who questioned the effectiveness of such a plan as well as where the money for the fence, an expensive project, would be found. While the land was partitioned as planned, no money was allocated for the building of the fence. During these wranglings, the federal Endangered Species Act was passed. The National Audubon Society and Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund filed a lawsuit against the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, claiming that they were violating federal laws of conservation.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.